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Trade Secrets and Intellectual Property: Types, Business Value, Protection and Examples
What qualifies as a trade secret, how the choice between patenting and secrecy actually gets made, and what the asset is worth — with a worked valuation that produces a figure, not a principle.
WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital): Formula, Calculation, DCF and Business Valuation
A full WACC build, from risk-free rate to final figure — then the same company run through CAPM and the build-up method, showing why private company valuations use a different rate.
Net Asset Value (NAV): Definition, Formula, Calculation and Example
The NAV formula, and two worked calculations that use it — one for a fund unit, and one for a company, where book value and adjusted net asset value differ by 62%.
Business Appraisal vs Business Valuation: Key Differences, Methods and Uses
Business appraisal and business valuation describe the same work. What actually changes the number is the credential, the governing standard and the standard of value applied — shown here as a 57% spread on a single company.
Waterfall Analysis: Meaning, Types, Examples and Applications in Finance
A worked example of how exit proceeds actually reach shareholders. Three scenarios on the same cap table show why common stock can own half a company and still receive nothing, and where the breakpoints that decide it sit.
Corporate Valuation for Estate, Divorce and Litigation: When Courts and the IRS Set the Standard
Explore corporate valuation for estate, divorce and litigation matters, covering valuation standards, dates, approaches, IRS considerations, ownership interests and key factors attorneys should understand when assessing business value.